Sol–gel material as a support of organometallic catalyst for ethylene polymerization

The sol–gel procedure was applied to obtain powdery materials with different structures and morphology. It was possible to produce almost non-porous silica powder, with an extremely low surface area (ca. 4 m2/g) and very high uniformity of spherical particles as well as materials with various uniformity of particles and different porosity, most likely associated with increasing pore volume. Dependent on the properties of the carrier, the resulting supported vanadium catalysts (VOCl3/AlEt2Cl) showed significant differences concerning activity and stability. It was confirmed that improved hydrophobicity of the carrier’s surface may be useful and improve the activity of the system in the polymerization. It was found that the two-step modification procedure, involving a reaction with alkylaluminum, acts beneficially for the efficiency of supported catalysts. The system supported on sol–gel material with methyl groups, additionally pre-treated with diethylaluminum chloride, showed the highest activity as well as the lowest deactivation rate constant among all those studied.