Assessing single-pair similarity over graphs by aggregating first-meeting probabilities

Link-based similarity plays an important role in measuring similarities between nodes in a graph. As a widely used link-based similarity, SimRank scores similarity between two nodes as the first-meeting probability of two random surfers. However, due to the large scale of graphs in real-world applications and dynamic change characteristic, it is not viable to frequently update the whole similarity matrix. Also, people often only concern about the similarities of a small subset of nodes in a graph. In such a case, the existing approaches need to compute the similarities of all node-pairs simultaneously, suffering from high computation cost. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, Iterative Single-Pair SimRank (ISP), based on the random surfer-pair model to compute the SimRank similarity score for a single pair of nodes in a graph. To avoid computing similarities of all other nodes, we introduce a new data structure, position matrix, to facilitate computation of the first-meeting probabilities of two random surfers, and give two optimization techniques to further enhance their performance. In addition, we theoretically prove that the time cost of ISP is always less than the original algorithm SimRank. Comprehensive experiments conducted on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.