Enhanced water-solubility of Licorice extract microparticle prepared by antisolvent precipitation process

In this study, Licorice extract (LE) microparticles were successfully prepared using antisolvent precipitation process. Ethyl acetate and dimethyl sulfoxide, were used as the antisolvent and solvent, respectively. By means of orthogonal experimental design, the influences of several process parameters on the mean particle size (MPS) were investigated. The concentration range of the LE solution, the volume ratio of solvent to antisolvent, dripping speed, and temperature were 4.3–34.5 mg/mL, 1:1–1:12, 1–10 mL/min, and 20–35 °C, respectively. Based on the above orthogonal experiments, the optimum antisolvent precipitation process conditions were found to be: temperature 20 °C, concentration of the LE solution 17.2 mg/mL, volume ratio of solvent to antisolvent 1:4, dripping speed 10 mL/min. The LE microparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), HPLC analysis and dissolution test. And the morphology, crystalline state and chemical structure, drug purity, dissolution rate and bioavailability of LE microparticles were investigated. Under optimum antisolvent precipitation process conditions, the MPS of LE microparticles reached to 85.3 nm, and with uniform distribution. And the LE microparticles had the same chemical structure as the unprocessed drug, but the crystallinity was reduced, purity was increased. Furthermore, the water solubility increased from 4.82 mg/mL to 16.10 mg/mL, and bioavailability is increased by 64.36%.