The shape effect of non-spherical projectiles in hypervelocity impacts

This paper provides qualitative and quantitative analyses of regular non-spherical projectile hypervelocity impacts on basic Whipple shields using test data obtained by light-gas guns, flat plate accelerators and shaped charge launchers. Surrogate cadmium and zinc test results are used to extend light-gas gun data beyond 8 km/s. Advanced Whipple shield derivatives are shown to be necessary to protect against non-spherical projectiles.