Dynamic deformation and fracture of mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) ceramics under hypervelocity impact

Shock-recovery experiments have been performed on mullite ceramics to clarify the effect of a phase transition on the microstructural change and deformation mechanism under shock loading. The recovered samples have been examined using the X-ray diffraction method and transmission electron microscope observation. In the samples shocked above the phase-transition pressure, an amorphization of mullite occurs. Mullite nano-crystals with grain sizes less than 10 nm are dispersed in the amorphous phase, indicating that the relatively large starting mullite crystals become nano-crystals accompanied with the amorphization. Mullite bumper-shield experiments have also been performed to examine the influence of shock-induced microstructural changes to ultimate fracture under hypervelocity impact. The results suggest that the phase transition of mullite has an effect on protection against high-velocity impact.