Elemental distribution near the interfaces between cordierite–spodumene glass-ceramic substrates and cofired Ag/Pd electrodes

Multilayer glass-ceramic substrates containing β-spodumene and α-cordierite were cofired with Ag/Pd electrodes. The elemental distribution near the interface between substrate and electrode was investigated. The MgO-containing substrates with the cofired Ag/Pd electrodes revealed a four-layer structure with abnormal Ag-, Bi-, and Mg-distributions near the electrode-substrate interface when 85Ag/15Pd electrode was used. This phenomenon disappeared when 70Ag/30Pd was used. It is thought that the existence of Bi2O3 in the electrode and MgO in the substrate might be responsible for this anomaly.