Low temperature sintering of BaxSr1−xTiO3 glass-ceramic

The sintering temperature of BaxSr1−xTiO3(BST) ceramic prepared by conventional method is too high (1350–1400 °C) [Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 5 (2003) 215] to co-fire with high-conductive and low-melting temperature conductors, such as Ag. In this paper, Ba–Sr–Ti–Pb–B–Si–O gel-glasses were prepared by sol–gel process. BST crystalline grains grew out from an amorphous gel-glass matrix at proper heat treatment temperatures. Because of the glass content, the sintering temperature of BST can be decreased below 1000 °C. Because Pb2+ substituted Ba2+ and Sr2+ in the perovskite lattice forming PbTiO3. The Curie temperature of BST glass-ceramic was higher than that of the pure BaxSr1−xTiO3 ceramic. The effect of the amount and composition of Pb–B–Si–O glass on BST was studied and presented in this paper.