Effect of transition metal ions on the development of nanocrystalline phase and optical properties in the BaO–B2O3–TiO2 system

Transparent glass–ceramics were prepared from the BaO–B2O3–TiO2 system doped with definite amounts of different transition metals. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystallization of BaB8O13 and Ba2Ti9O20 phases according to the transition metal added. It was found that Mn ions enhance the crystallization of Ba2Ti9O20 while other transition metals ions enhance BaB8O13. SEM revealed nanocrystalline phases in uniform texture. Absorption and transmission spectra were measured for glasses and the corresponding transparent glass–ceramics.