In vitro bioactivity of novel cured ionomer cement based on iron oxide

The effect of adding Fe2O3 on the bioactivity of cured ionomer cement was examined in simulated body fluid (SBF). Although the polyacrylic acid and Fe2O3 are known as inhibitors for apatite formation, results clearly show that exposure of the cement to the SBF lead to the formation of rough layers of carbonated-apatite (Volmer–Weber growth). Interestingly, the addition of Fe2O3 to the cement structure decreases the possibility of acid–base reaction in ionomer cements due to the improved chemical durability of the glass. Therefore, more calcium ions were released from the cement at the initial stage of soaking which plays an important role in forming the surface apatite layer by heterogeneous nucleation via the OH− groups on the cement surface.