Effect of WO3 doping on dielectric and ferroelectric properties of 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.06BaTiO3 ceramics

WO3(0–6 mol%)-doped 0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.06BaTiO3 lead-free ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction. The effect of WO3 addition on the structure and electrical properties were investigated. The result revealed that a small amount of WO3 (≤1 mol%) can diffuse into the lattice and does not significantly affect the phase structure, however, more addition will result in distortion and enlargement of the unit cells. The maximum permittivity temperature (Tm) is suppressed dramatically as the dopant increasing, while the depolarization temperature (Td) fall to the minimum with 1 mol% WO3 additive. The remanent polarization (Pr) was enhanced and coercive field (Ec) was reduced by doping with WO3. The strain shows the largest value for 1 mol% doped sample, which is due to a field-induced antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase transition.