Systemic analysis of MgO hydration effects on alumina–magnesia refractory castables

The use of magnesia sources with high specific surface area and small particle size in the Al2O3–MgO system can induce faster in situ spinel (MgAl2O4) formation in castable compositions, improving the slag corrosion resistance. However, the higher reactivity of these raw materials lead to an intensive brucite formation (followed by volumetric expansion), spoiling the castableʹs properties during the curing and drying steps. Considering these aspects, a systemic analysis of three magnesia sources (dead-burnt and caustic ones) was carried out in order to evaluate: (1) their hydration impact on the refractory castables properties, and (2) their bonding ability in cement-free compositions. Mechanical strength, thermogravimetric and Youngʹs modulus tests were conducted during the castables’ curing and drying steps. According to the results, the elastic modulus measurement is an efficient tool to evaluate the magnesia hydration. The addition of proper amounts of calcium aluminate cement and/or silica fume to the castables can inhibit the crack formation and provide suitable mechanical properties. The results also show that under certain conditions, MgO can be used as a binder, replacing calcium aluminate cement and leading to a significant reduction in the castables costs with no drawbacks to their refractoriness.