Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of low temperature synthesized iso-valent modified BT ceramics

Ba(1−x)YxTiO3 (where Y = Ca, Mg and Sr, x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08) ferroelectric ceramic samples were synthesized in single perovskite phase by modified solid state reaction (MSSR) route. For single perovskite phase formation and dense grain morphology, 900 °C and 1300 °C were optimized as calcination and sintering temperatures. With the increase of substitutions% of Ca in BCT ceramic samples, the position of Tc increases slightly, whereas with the increase of Mg and Sr substitution% in BMT and BST systems, the position of Tc decreased but remains above RT. Decreased processing temperature with low temperature coefficient of capacitance made BCT ceramic samples useful for dielectric applications. Symmetric nature of the S–E loops indicated the increase of piezoelectric nature with the increase of Ca substitution% in BCT system.