The synthesis of titanium nitride whiskers on the surface of graphite by molten salt media

A novel method for synthesis of titanium nitride whiskers on the surface of graphite in NaF–NaCl media at 1100–1400 °C for 3 h in Ar atmosphere was investigated. The formation of TiN whiskers with the diameter of 500–600 nm and variable lengths and morphologies occurs onto graphite by a vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism. The specific surface area of graphite increases due to the growth of titanium nitride with various morphologies. The excellent oxidation resistance of surface modified graphite could be attributed to growth of TiN whiskers on the surface of graphite, which act as anti-oxidant and prevent the oxidation of graphite substrate.