Pomacea sp shell to hydroxyapatite using the ultrasound–microwave method (U–M)

The shell of Pomacea sp has a potential application as raw material for the production of hydroxyapatite (HA). The preparation of HA was carried out at low temperature using a combination of ultrasound and microwave assisted radiation methods. In this experiment, hydroxyapatite was synthesized using citric acid as an organic modifier and Na2HPO4 as the source of PO43−. The obtained products were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to confirm the morphology and crystalline phase of HA.