Effects of NaOH concentrations on physical and electrical properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer paste

The effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration on setting time, compressive strength and electrical properties at the frequencies of 100 Hz–10 MHz of high calcium fly ash geopolymer pastes were investigated. Five NaOH concentrations (8, 10, 12, 15 and 18 molar) were studied. The liquid to ash ratio of 0.4, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 0.67 and low temperature curing at 40 °C were selected in making geopolymer pastes. The results showed that NaOH concentration had significant influence on the physical and electrical properties of geopolymer paste. The pastes with high NaOH concentrations showed increased setting time and compressive strength due to a high degree of geopolymerization as a result of the increased leaching of silica and alumina from fly ash. The dielectric constant and conductivity increased with NaOH concentration while tan δ decreased due to an increase in geopolymerization. At the frequency of 103 Hz, the dielectric constants of all pastes were approximately 104 S/cm and decreased with increased frequency. The relaxation peaks of tan δ reduced with an increase in NaOH concentration and ranged between 2.5 and 4.5. The AC conductivity behavior followed the universal power law and the values were in the range of 3.7 × 10−3–1.5 × 10−2 at 105–106 Hz.