Dietary gangliosides increase the content and molecular percentage of ether phospholipids containing 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 in weanling rat intestine

This study was conducted to determine whether dietary ganglioside (GG) increases the content of ether phospholipids (EPL) in intestinal mucosa. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a semipurified diet consisting of 20% fat as a control diet. Two experimental diets were formulated by adding either 0.1% (w/w fat) GGs (GG diet) or 1.0% (w/w fat) sphingomyelin (SM diet) to the control diet. Fatty acid methyl esters from the alkenylacyl, alkylacyl and diacyl subclasses of phospholipids were measured to determine total and molecular percentage of EPL comprising the choline phosphoglyceride (CPG) and ethanolamine phosphoglyceride (EPG) fraction. Animals fed the GG diet significantly increased total EPL content both in CPG (by 36%) and in EPG (by 66%), and the molecular percentage of EPL in CPG (by 76%) and in EPG (by 59%) compared to animals fed the control diet. Dietary GG-induced increase in EPL resulted in a higher level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) specifically in 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 compared to control animals, leading to a decrease in the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to PUFA both in CPG and in EPG. Feeding animals the SM diet showed a higher level of EPL than control animals with a concomitant increase in 22:6n-3 in EPL. The present data demonstrate that dietary GG increases the content and composition of EPL containing PUFA in the weanling rat intestine.