Deoxyiminoalditols from aldonolactones — V. Preparation of the four stereoisomers of 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-iminopentitols. Evaluation of these iminopentitols and three 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-iminoheptitols as glycosidase inhibitors Original Research Article

The four stereoisomeric 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-iminopentitols with d-arabino - (d-lyxo-) (3), ribo- (9), l-lyxo- (l-arabino-) (13) and xylo-(18) configurations were synthesized. The corresponding aldonolactones (1, 7 and 11) or aldonic acid ester (15b) having a leaving group at C-5 gave by reaction with aqueous ammonia, the 5-amino-5-deoxy-1,5-lactams, 2, 8, 12 and 17, respectively. Reduction of the lactam function using sodium borohydride/acetic or trifluoroacetic acid, or borane dimethyl sulfide complex yielded the iminopentitols. The compounds 3, 9, 13 and 18, together with the three 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-iminoheptitols 19, 20 and 21 were tested for inhibition of the glycosidase activities present in an extract from human liver. Compound 18 was a potent and 19 a moderately good inhibitor of β-glucosidase. Compound 3 together with 19, 20 and 21, all having d-arabino-configuration at the hydroxy-substituted carbon atoms, were good inhibitors of α-l-fucosidase.