Bis[2-(4-carboxyphenoxy)carbonylethyl]phosphinic Acid (BCCEP): A Novel Affinity Reagent for the β-Cleft Modification of Human Hemoglobin Original Research Article

The design, synthesis, and hemoglobin cross-linking studies of a novel organic reagent, bis[2-(4 carboxyphenoxy)carbonylethyl]phosphinic acid (BCCEP, 1) have been reported. The reagent was designed with the aid of molecular modeling, employing crystal coordinates of human hemoglobin A0. It was synthesized in three steps commencing from 4-t-butoxycarbonylphenol. The tri-sodium salt of 1 was employed to cross-link human oxyHb. While SDS–PAGE analyses of the modified hemoglobin product pointed to the molecular mass range of 32 kDa, the HPLC analyse suggested that the cross-link had formed between the β1-β2 subunits. The oxygen equilibrium measurements of the modified hemoglobin at 37 °C showed significantly reduced oxygen affinity (P50=31.3 Torr) as compared with that of cell-free hemoglobin (P50=6.6 Torr). The sigmoidal shape of O2 curves of the modified Hb pointed to reasonable retainment of oxygen-binding cooperativity after the cross-link formation. Molecular dynamics simulation studies on the reagent-HbA0 complex suggested that the most likely amino acid residues involved in the cross-linking are N-terminus Val-1 or Lys-82 on one of the-chains, and Lys-144 on the other. These predictions were consistent with the results of MALDI-MS analyses of the peptide fragments obtained from tryptic digestion of the cross-linked product.