Characterization, phase-solubility, and molecular modeling of inclusion complex of 5-nitroindazole derivative with cyclodextrins Original Research Article

The slightly water-soluble 5-nitroindazole derivative (5-NI) and its inclusion with either β-cyclodextrin (βCD) or Heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD) were investigated. The stoichiometric ratios and stability constants describing the extent of formation of the complexes were determined by phase-solubility measurements obtaining type-AL diagrams in both cases. According to the continuous variation method (Job’s plot) a 1:1 stoichiometry has been proposed for the complexes. Also electrochemical studies were carried out on both CDs complexes, where the observed change in the EPC value for DMβCD indicated a lower feasibility of the nitro group reduction. The detailed spatial configuration is proposed based on two-dimensional NMR methods. These results are further interpreted using molecular modeling studies. The latter results are in good agreement with the experimental data.