Chemical effects on the soil–plant system in a secondary treated wastewater irrigated coffee plantation—A pilot field study in Brazil

Wastewater reuse in agriculture is recognized worldwide as an alternative water and/or nutrient source. In this study, secondary treated wastewater (STW) from an anaerobic/facultative pond system at the city of Lins (São Paulo State, Brazil) was used over 3 years and 7 months to irrigate coffee (Coffea arabica L.). The soil type was Typic Haplustox and the crops were fertilized according to regional agronomical recommendations. Soil and leaf samples from three sampling campaigns were used to study effects on chemical quality parameters, macronutrients and Na within the soil–plant system.