Author/Authors :
Kampert، نويسنده , , Karl-Heinz and Kulbartz، نويسنده , , Jِrg and Maccione، نويسنده , , Luca and Nierstenhoefer، نويسنده , , Nils and Schiffer، نويسنده , , Peter and Sigl، نويسنده , , Günter and van Vliet، نويسنده , , Arjen René، نويسنده ,
Abstract :
Version 2.0 of CRPropa [CRPropa is published under the 3rd version of the GNU General Public License (GPLv3). It is available, together with a detailed documentation of the code, at https://crpropa.desy.de.] is public software to model the extra-galactic propagation of ultra-high energy nuclei of atomic number Z ⩽ 26 through structured magnetic fields and ambient photon backgrounds taking into account all relevant particle interactions. CRPropa covers the energy range 7 × 10 16 < E / eV < A × 10 22 where A is the nuclear mass number. CRPropa can also be used to track secondary γ-rays and neutrinos which allows the study of their link with the charged primary nuclei – the so called multi-messenger connection. After a general introduction we present several sample applications of current interest concerning the physics of extragalactic ultra-high energy radiation.