Recent advances in research on cold thermal energy storage

Recent literatures in the field of cold thermal energy storage (CTES) are reviewed. First, the concept of the CTES is explained. Examples of load leveling of electrical energy in various countries are presented. Various types of the CTES are defined and compared as for their merits and demerits. The compared systems are a cold water storage vs. an ice-making storage, a static ice-making storage vs. a dynamic ice-making storage, and direct ice-making vs. indirect ice-making. Approximately 140 papers are reviewed and divided into five categories: (1) performance of successful systems, (2) simulation and control, (3) cold water storage, (4) static ice-making storage, and (5) dynamic ice-making storage. Finally, suggestions for future research are provided.