Ballistic impact modeling of woven fabrics considering yarn strength, friction, projectile impact location, and fabric boundary condition effects

The combined effects of yarn tensile strength, inter-yarn friction, projectile impact location, and fabric clamping conditions on the probabilistic impact response of flexible woven Kevlar KM2 fabrics are studied using a 0.22 caliber spherical projectile. The statistical nature of yarn tensile strength is accounted for by mapping Weibull strength distributions onto the individual yarns of the fabric model. Variability in projectile impact location relative to the yarns at the impact site is accounted for by randomly selecting one of 25 predetermined impact locations around a warp-fill yarn cross-over location at the center of the fabric. Five different inter-yarn friction levels are deterministically implemented, ranging from 0.0 to 0.4. Two boundary conditions are considered, 4-sided clamped and 2-sided clamped. Forty impact simulations are used to generate a probabilistic impact response (PVR) curve for each test case, describing the probability of fabric penetration as a function of projectile impact velocity. The fabric V50 velocity and impact performance variability were observed to decrease with increasing inter-yarn friction levels for the 4-sided clamped cases, while they increased for the 2-sided clamped cases.