Effect of biasing on divertors in low and high ionization states

One-dimensional transport equations were used to study the biased divertor plasma. By including ionization processes, a drastic transition between low and high ionization states was found. In high ionization state, the heat flux at the positively biased divertor leg increases mainly due to Seabeck effect. The temperature can be controlled with the biasing only in this state. Momentum loss due to charge exchange processes prevented the transition to the high ionization state.