Effect of tungsten addition on microstructure and high temperature strength of 9CrODS ferritic steel

Tungsten is an effective element for solid-solution strengthening and is a ferrite former in 9CrODS ferritic steel, however excessive tungsten leads to Laves phase formation. Appropriate tungsten concentration in 9CrODS ferritic steel was found to be around 2 mass%, which produces high temperature strength without Laves phase precipitation. The stress increment due to solid-solution strengthening by tungsten was characterized as relatively small, compared to enhanced ferrite formation, the so called residual α-ferrite.