Membrane cleaning in membrane bioreactors: A review

The BaBixCo1−x−yTayO3−δ (x=y=0; x=0, y=0.15; x=0.05, y=0; x=0.05, y=0.15) oxides were synthesized successfully through a simple solid state reaction method. The oxygen permeation flux through the BaBi0.05Co0.8Ta0.15O3−δ (BBCT) membrane with a 0.8 mm thickness is as high as 3.57ml/min cm2 under the gradient of air/He at 950 °C. The phase structure of the BaBixCo1−x−yTayO3−δ was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and oxygen temperature-programmed desorption (O2-TPD), which reveal that BBCT exhibits a good phase structure stability and reversibility in air atmosphere. The oxygen permeation fluxes through BBCT disk membrane with different thicknesses indicates that the oxygen permeation process is controlled by the bulk diffusion in the temperature ranges of 800–950 °C. A stable oxygen permeation flux of 2.2 ml/min cm2 is achieved during 280 h operation at 900 °C, which shows excellent structure stability.