Preparation and optical properties of titania-doped hybrid polymer via anhydrous sol–gel process

Incorporation of metal alkoxides (Ti, Zr, etc.) for tuning the optical properties of silica glasses by the sol–gel process is of significant interest for optical applications. In this paper, we report an anhydrous sol–gel process for preparation of photosensitive titania-doped hybrid glassy polymer with good homogeneity and high doping concentration (TiO2 up to 40 mol%). The process consists of two steps: in the first step methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) is hydrolyzed by boric acid through ligand exchange reaction ( OH ↔ OR ) under anhydrous conditions; and in the second step dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS), diphenyldimethoxysilane (DPhDMS) and titanium ethoxide (TET) were added to condense with the silanols formed in the first step. The optical properties of the synthesized hybrid polymer were studied, and results showed that the hybrid material has low OH absorption, low optical losses (0.45 dB/cm at 1550 nm and 0.16 dB/cm at 1310 nm respectively), and good thermo-optical linearity with tuneable refractive index. The effect of TiO2 doping in reducing the OH concentration of the hybrid material was observed, and the mechanism for this effect is discussed.