Crystallization behavior and microstructure of powdered and bulk ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-ceramics

The crystallization behavior of glass with the composition: 55.6 mol% SiO2, 22.8 mol% Al2O3, 17.7 mol% ZnO and 3.84 mol% of TiO2 as nucleating agent and with different particle sizes has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tranmission electron microscopy (TEM). In glass powders two crystalline phases: zinc–aluminosilicate s.s. with high-quartz structure, Znx/2AlxSi3−xO6, (x varies dependent on heat-treatment temperature) and gahnite are formed. The ratio of these phases depends on particle sizes. In bulk glass, however, gahnite is the sole crystalline phase. The composition of initially formed zinc–aluminosilicate s.s. was determined by Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns to be Zn0.69Al1.38Si1.62O6. With temperature increase, the amount of zinc–aluminosilicate s.s decreased with simultaneous reduce of zinc and aluminum incorporated in the structure. Eventually at 1423 K almost pure high-quartz structure was formed. The activation energies of zinc–aluminosilicate s.s. and gahnite crystallization were determined by non-isothermal method to be 510 ± 18 and 344 ± 17 kJ mol−1, respectively. The latter value matches well with those cited in literature for crystal growth of gahnite in similar glasses. That is attributed to the fact that the high-quartz structure acts as a precursor for gahnite crystallization.