Percolation of polar nanoregions: A dynamic approach to the ferroelectric phase transition

The percolative nature of the ferroelectric phase transition in a potassium tantalate niobate (KTN) crystal is studied using time domain dielectric spectroscopy. A relaxation process linked to the off-center niobium ions is observed. The dynamic nature of this relaxation shows well defined temperature regimes in which it progresses from independent (Arrhenius) to cooperative (Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann) behavior. A recursive fractal model was applied in order to interpret the data obtained from the dielectric measurements. The structural parameters, ν and μ, derived from the correlation functions, enable the investigation of the onset of the phase transition in terms of the fractal dimensions of the polarization excitation.