Clindamycin bioavailability and pharmacokinetics following oral administration of clindamycin hydrochloride capsules in dogs

Oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic behaviour of clindamycin in dogs was investigated following intravenous (IV) and oral (capsules) administration of clindamycin hydrochloride, at the dose of 11 mg/kg BW. The absorption after oral administration was fast, with a mean absorption time (MAT) of 0.87 ± 0.40 h, and bioavailability was 72.55 ± 9.86%. Total clearance (CL) of clindamycin was low, after both IV and oral administration (0.503 ± 0.095 vs. 0.458 ± 0.087 L/h/kg). Volume of distribution at steady-state (IV) was 2.48 ± 0.48 L/kg, indicating a wide distribution of clindamycin in body fluids and tissues. Elimination half-lives were similar for both routes of administration (4.37 ± 1.20 h for IV, vs. 4.37 ± 0.73 h for oral). clindamycin concentrations following administration of capsules remained above the MICs of very susceptible microorganisms (0.04–0.5 μg/mL) for 12 or 10 h, respectively. Time above the mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) is considered as the index predicting the efficacy of clindamycin (T>MIC must be at least 40–50% of the dosing interval), so a once-daily oral administration of 11 mg/kg BW of clindamycin can be considered therapeutically effective. For less susceptible bacteria (with MICs of 0.5–2 μg/mL) the same dose should be given but twice daily.