The benefits of Duffing-type nonlinearities and electrical optimisation of a mono-stable energy harvester under white Gaussian excitations

This work is concerned with the performance of a single degree of freedom electromagnetic energy harvester when subjected to a broadband white noise base acceleration. First, using the Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation, it is shown that Duffing-type nonlinearities can be used to reduce the size of energy harvesting devices without affecting their power output. This is then verified using the technique of Equivalent Linearisation. Second, it is shown analytically that the optimum load resistance of the device is different to that which is dictated by the principle of impedance matching. This result is then verified experimentally.