Microstructural characterization and in vitro apatite formation in CaO–P2O5–TiO2–MgO–Na2O glass-ceramics

Bulk calcium phosphate glass and glass–ceramic with CaO/P2O5 molar ratio=1.25 were prepared through introducing small amounts of Na2O, MgO, and TiO2 into the glass. Using XRD analysis, biocompatible β-Ca2P2O7 (β-DCP) and more soluble Ca and Na-containing phases were clearly identified in the microstructure. In vitro bioactivity was assessed by immersion testing in SBF-simulated body fluid and apatite crystals were formed after 4 and 8 weeks of soaking. Porous microstructure was produced through dissolution of soluble phases and desirable porous structure may be achieved by controlling size and distribution of these phases and the leaching process. Therefore, this glass–ceramic is expected to be used as bone repair and regeneration implants and drug delivery carrier.