Mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of vacuum hot-pressed titanium and Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy

Hot-pressing is a powder metallurgy process where loose powder is loaded into a mould, usually of graphite, and sintered by the simultaneous application of high temperature and pressure. In this study elemental titanium and Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy powders are hot-pressed under different conditions in order to study the influence of the processing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The samples are characterised in terms of relative density, microstructure, XRD, percentage of interstitials, three-point bending test and hardness. Relative densities as high as 99% are obtained, the oxygen and carbon content remains almost constant but nitrogen percentage increases. This is due to the interaction with the BN coated mould and leads to the formation of a reacted layer in the surface, composed by different titanium compounds, which greatly affect the mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the removal of this reacted layer leads to an important improvement of the ductility, especially for elemental titanium.