Synthesis and characterization of A–Sn-substituted (A=Zn, Ni, Co) BaM–hexaferrite powders and ceramics

Aliovalently substituted BaM–hexaferrite powders with the composition BaFe12−2xSnxAxO19 (x=0.1–2.5) were prepared using the following techniques: solid-state reaction, high-energy milling, and chemical coprecipitation. The reaction temperature varied from 1300 °C to as low as 750 °C in the case of chemical coprecipitation. The saturation magnetization of the BaFe12−2xSnxAxO19 powders varied between 66 and 4 emu/g and coercivity varied between 80 and 4400 Oe depending on their synthesis route, the substituted element A, and the substitution level x. BaM–hexaferrite ceramics were prepared by sintering at 1100–1400 °C for 2–6 h and their microstructure was characterized using electron microscopy.