Citrate solution combustion derived Ba2Ti9O20 ceramics

A citrate solution combustion process was adopted to synthesize Ba2Ti9O20 phase. The precursor powders with small particle size of ∼100 nm and homogeneous distribution of multiphasic particles could be obtained by combustion of a citrate complex solution. The molar ratio of nitrate to citrate in the initial complex solutions had an obvious effect on the phase compositions and organic residuals of the precursor powders. However, those precursor powders all could be easily sintered into single phase Ba2Ti9O20 ceramics at 1250 °C for 4 h. The densities and dielectric constants of the ceramics depended on the molar ratio of nitrate to citrate in the initial complex solutions used for forming the precursor powders. The relations between the preparation conditions and properties were discussed.