Improved oxygen-sensing characteristics based on (TiO2)x(NbO2.5)1−x composite

The composites formed between TiO2 and Nb2O5 tended to give better oxygen-sensing characteristics than the component oxides themselves. On the Nb2O5-rich side, the composite (TiO2)x(NbO2.5)1−x, with x between 0 and 0.06, gave higher sensitivity to oxygen than Nb2O5, whereas the composite with x=0.8 gave higher sensitivity than TiO2. These composites showed larger changes in conductivity than the component oxides when the air excess ratio (λ) was changed between 0.98 and 1.02. The temperature dependence could also be improved with the composites.