Relation between piezoelectric properties of ceramics and output power density of energy harvester

(1−x)Pb(Zr0.47Ti0.53)O3–xPb[(Zn0.4Ni0.6)1/3Nb2/3]O3 [(1−x)PZT–xP(ZN)N] ceramics with 0.26 ≤ x ≤ 0.31 were sintered at 1100 °C, and their energy harvesters were fabricated. All specimens exhibit a similar energy convergence efficiency. However, the transduction coefficient (d33 × g33) increased with x, reaching 21.5 × 10−15 m2/N for the x = 0.31specimen; the figure-of-merit of the specimens shows a similar variation. The output energy density of the energy harvester also increased with x, and a high output energy density of 231 mW/cm3 was obtained for the harvester fabricated using the x = 0.31 specimen, indicating that the d33 × g33 value significantly affects the output energy density of the energy harvester.