Shakedown analysis of beams using nonlinear kinematic hardening materials coupled with continuum damage mechanics

The nonlinear kinematic hardening theory of plasticity based on the Armstrong–Fredrick model and isotropic damage was used to evaluate the cyclic loading behavior of a beam under the axial, bending, and thermal loads. Damage and inelastic deformation were incorporated and they were used for the beam shakedown and ratcheting analysis. The beam material was assumed to follow the nonlinear strain hardening property coupled with isotropic damage. The effect of the damage phenomenon coupled with the elastoplastic nonlinear kinematic hardening was studied for deformation and load control loadings. The Breeʹs diagram was obtained for two different types of loading, and all numerical results confirmed the reduction of the safe loading domain due to material damage.