An energy approach for predicting springback of metal sheets after double-curvature forming, Part II: Unequal double-curvature forming

Based on the membrane theory of shells of revolution and an energy method, theoretical predictions of springback of metal sheets after an equal double-curvature forming operation has been given in the part I of this paper (Xue et al., An energy approach for predicting springback of metal sheets after double-curvature forming, Part I: axisymmetric stamping. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 2001;43(8):1893–1914). In Part II, the prediction of springback of metal sheets after unequal double-curvature forming is illustrated. It is shown that the proposed mechanics model and analytical procedure can be conveniently applied to predicting the springback, as well as the strain and stress distributions of metal sheets after unequal double-curvature forming, which is valuable for design of tools with complicated shapes in manufacturing industries.