Phthalocyanine-based Langmuir–Blodgett films as chemical sensors

Phthalocyanines are macrocycles with an appealing diversification of characteristics of fundamental interest in contemporary advanced technologies. On the other side, the Langmuir–Blodgett method permits to deposit films with a substantial control over thickness and molecular organisation. As a natural consequence, this review deals with an actual subject of attention in up-to-date research, the employment of Langmuir–Blodgett films of phthalocyanines in chemical sensors for the revelation of analytes in both gas and liquid phases. Experimental data on the structure, morphology and surface properties of the multilayers are connected with the most relevant characteristics of sensors, in order to discover the intimate relationships between the sensor performances and the peculiarities and molecular organisation induced by the deposition technique. The integration of the unconventional electrical and optical properties of phthalocyanines with the potentialities of the Langmuir–Blodgett thin films has generated not only promising expectations, but has given also certainties about the realisation of functional sensing devices.