Phthalocyanines in Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett films: from molecular design to supramolecular architecture

A short review is given on Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett films containing phthalocyanine derivatives. A particular emphasis is directed towards the molecular parameters that can be clearly related to the supramolecular architecture observed at the air–water interface and within the LB multilayers. Several examples concerning both edge-on and flat-lying phthalocyanine derivatives are discussed.