MIP-based sensor platforms for the detection of histamine in the nano- and micromolar range in aqueous media

The need for more advanced, accurate and lower cost sensor platforms is constantly growing. However, for certain applications the already existing sensing systems based on biological recognition elements have sometimes restrictions, which limit their use. As a result, sensors with synthetic recognition elements, such as molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs), can be interesting alternatives. Molecular imprinting leads to the formation of inert polymer particles with nanocavities, which can exhibit similar selectivity and specificity to target molecules as antibodies or enzymes. It is demonstrated that MIPs can be readily incorporated into two different sensor platforms for the detection of histamine in aqueous media. The first platform is based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and allows for the accurate detection of histamine in the nanomolar range. The second sensing technique is based on microgravimetry and allows for the detection of histamine in the micromolar range. Using the analogous molecule histidine, it is demonstrated that both sensor platforms are specific for the detection of histamine.