Time dependent electrochemical switches based on nanofilm processors

Advanced “Smart label” systems may be constructed from integrated time-dependent electrochemical switches and display elements based on the lateral self-oxidation of nanoscale aluminum films. We developed electrical switches (ON–OFF and OFF–ON) with short switching times and an adjustable delay before actuation for use in low-cost “self-writing smart labels” that do not require an external power supply, are capable of controlling an integrated display, and may be combined with commercial RFID technology.