The swelling of vapor-sensitive fluoropolymers modified with metal nanoparticles: interpretation of the material–vapor interaction mechanism

Nanostructured fluoropolymer (CFx) and metal–CFx composite films, deposited by the ion-beam sputtering technique, can be employed in sensors for organic vapors due to their tendency to swell when exposed to the vapors of target organic solvents. Metal inclusion plays a crucial role in the sensing process as the material sensitivity strongly depends on the chemical nature and concentration of the inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, the phenomena expected to concur to the swelling process and influence the swelling sensitivity are systematically discussed and conclusions are drawn on the interaction mechanism between acetone (chosen as a target analyte) and CFx, Au–CFx, Pd–CFx active layers.