The equal spacing of N points on a sphere with application to partition-of-unity wave diffraction problems

This paper addresses applications involving the selection of a set of points on a sphere, in which the uniformity of spacing can be of importance in enhancing the computational performance and/or the accuracy of some simulation. For the authors, the motivation for this work arises from the need to specify wave directions in a partition-of-unity approach for numerical analysis of wave diffraction problems. A new spacing method is presented, based on a physical analogy in which an arbitrary number of charged particles are held in static equilibrium on a spherical surface. The new method, referred to in this paper as the Coulomb force method, offers an improvement over simpler methods, e.g., latitude/longitude and discretised cube methods, in terms of both the uniformity of spacing and the arbitrary nature of the number of points N that can be considered. A simple extension to the algorithm allows points to be biased towards a direction of choice. Numerical results of a wave scattering problem solved with a partition-of-unity boundary element method demonstrate the benefits of the algorithm.