Pricing American bond options using a penalty method

We develop a novel numerical method to price American options on a discount bond under the Cox–Ingrosll–Ross (CIR) model which is governed by a partial differential complementarity problem. We first propose a penalty approach to this complementarity problem, resulting in a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE). To numerically solve this nonlinear PDE, we develop a novel fitted finite volume method for the spatial discretization, coupled with a fully implicit time-stepping scheme. We show that this full discretization scheme is consistent, stable and monotone, and hence the convergence of the numerical solution to the viscosity solution of the continuous problem is guaranteed. To solve the discretized nonlinear system, we design an iterative method and prove that the method is convergent. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency and robustness of our methods.