15-Substituted Lanosterols: Post-transcriptional Suppressors of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase

The oxolanosterol oxime 3β-hydroxylanost-7-en-15-one 15-oxime and the structurally similar 3β-hydroxylanost-7-en-15-one are dual-action inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis which cause both inhibition of lanesterol 14α-methyl demethylase and suppression of the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). This report examines the mechanism by which these compounds lower HMGR protein levels in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts. Data are presented which suggest that both sterols reduce the translational efficiency of the HMGR mRNA as well as increase the rate of enzyme degradation. The effect of these sterols on the concentration of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in normal human fibroblasts was also determined. In these cells, both lanosterol analogs lowered HMGR protein levels without affecting LDLR concentration. This in contrast to the previously reported coordinate transcriptional regulation of these two genes by the C27-sterol 25-hydroxy-cholesterol. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that different sterols regulate HMGR activity through distinct mechanisms.