Multiresidue confirmation of β-agonists in bovine retina and liver using LC-ES/MS/MS

Misuse of numerous β-agonist drugs for their growth promoting effects in livestock production requires significant regulatory enforcement activities worldwide. The proof of illegal drug use needed for regulatory action usually requires the high degree of specificity derived from mass spectrometric analysis of suspect tissues and body fluids. In this paper, we describe a multiresidue screening method for confirmation of nine β-agonist compounds in bovine liver and retina. A wide range of analyte structures was selected in order to demonstrate applicability to other chemically related β-agonists for which standards are not currently available. The class-specific method, which is based on mixed mode cation exchange/reverse phase solid phase extraction, reverse phase gradient LC separation using a cyanopropyl-silica phase, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, yields high analyte recoveries at the target level of 1 ppb (ng/g). In addition, acquisition of multiple MRM transitions for each analyte permits simultaneous confirmation of β-agonists at the level of 1 ppb in liver and retina by using intensity ratios between fragment ions and protonated molecules. Estimated values for the limit of quantification (LOQ) for individual β-agonists were 0.08–0.3 ppb in liver and 0.02–0.5 in retina; the estimated limits of confirmation, using accepted criteria from international regulatory agencies, were 0.25–0.8 ppb in liver and 0.1–1 ppb in retina. This method should be useful in supporting regulatory enforcement programs that monitor β-agonist misuse.