Simulation of swirling combustion and NO formation using a USM turbulence-chemistry model☆

A unified second-order moment (USM) turbulence-chemistry model is used to simulate methane-air swirling combustion and NO formation for different swirl numbers. The simulation results are compared with those using the EBU–Arrhenius (E–A) combustion model, the simplified PDF model of NO formation in turbulent flows and the corresponding experimental results. The comparison indicates that the USM model is obviously better than the E–A model and the simplified PDF model. The E–A model cannot reasonably simulate the finite-rate kinetics, while the simplified PDF model, using a product of two single-variable PDFʹs instead of a joint PDF, remarkably under-predicts the NO reaction rate. The USM model gives the best agreement with the experimental results. Predictions show that as the swirl number increases the total NO formation at first decreases and then increases, which is in agreement with the experimental results.