Modelling of instabilities in turbulent swirling flames

A large eddy simulation-based data analysis procedure is used to explore the instabilities in turbulent non-premixed swirling flames. The selected flames known as SM flames are based on the Sydney swirl burner experimental database. The governing equations for continuity, momentum and mixture fraction are solved on a structured Cartesian grid and the Smagorinsky eddy viscosity model with dynamic procedure is used as the sub-grid scale turbulence model. The thermo-chemical variables are described using the steady laminar flamelet model. The results show that the LES successfully predicts the upstream first recirculation zone generated by the bluff body and the downstream second recirculation zone induced by swirl. Overall, LES comparisons with measurements are in good agreement. Generated power spectra and snapshots demonstrate oscillations of the centre jet and the recirculation zone. Snapshots of flame SM1 showed irregular precession of the centre jet and the power spectrum at a downstream axial location situated between the two recirculation zones showed distinct precession frequency. Mode II instability defined as cyclic expansion and collapse of the recirculation zone is also identified for the flame SM2. The coupling of swirl, chemical reactions and heat release exhibits Mode II instability. The presented simulations demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the LES technique to swirl flames.